Past elections suggest Labour is doing better than commentators think
Commentary on the difficulties facing the Labour Party – leading in nearly every poll for over a year – sometimes puts me in mind of Bill Shankly. Responding to a question about a supposed crisis at Liverpool Football club, the great man said, “Ay, here we are with problems at the top of the league.”
Likewise, despite Labour’s consistent polling lead, the impression from the comment pieces, blogs and tweets is of a party struggling to find supporters. The logic is that, firstly, Labour’s lead is smaller than might be expected against a government undertaking such spending cuts, and, secondly, that the government is likely to recover and overhaul that lead between now and the next election.
The first of those points may be subjective, but the second can be tested against what’s happened in the past.
Mark Pack has compiled the voting intent results from all opinion polls published since 1945, which allows us to do just that.
Eighteen months after
November 2011 marked 18 months since the last general election. At that point Labour were on average 4.6pts ahead of the Tories, a score slightly reduced since due to Cameron’s veto bounce.
Comparing this score with opposition parties’ poll scores relative to governments’ 18 months after past general elections allows us to benchmark how Labour are currently doing. It also allows us to estimate Labour’s result in the next general election.
The regression analysis suggests performance at this point is in fact a pretty good prediction of performance at the next election: it predicts nearly 60% of the result of the next election, with a very high level of confidence (p=0.002).
If a party is leading at this point, it tends to be leading at the election. However, the gap between the government and the main opposition partly typically halves over the remainder of the parliament.
Therefore, given the current position, the historical data suggest Labour should expect to win the next election by a small margin, of a little over two percent.
Two years before
As well as comparing election results with polls 18 months after the previous election, we can also compare results with polls exactly two years before that election date.
The chart below shows that oppositions generally (in all but three occasions) have polling leads over governments at this point in the parliament.
Governments often overhaul these leads (in about half the examples) to go on to win the subsequent elections. Two years before an election, the smallest lead that an opposition has had when it’s gone on to win the election, is 6.2 points (1964).
My model suggests that two years before an election – an opposition usually needs to be ahead by at least 12 points (the ’64 result is an outlier). In the last two years before the election, the gap between the parties falls by a factor of about three.
What does this mean for Labour?
The current polling, with Labour slightly ahead of the Tories, is good news for the party.
At this point in a parliament, we can predict that it should lead to a small lead at the election. Given the way the electoral system currently favours Labour (subject to boundary changes) this would mean a workable Labour majority at the election.
However, historical trends also suggest that Labour need to extend their lead significantly over the next year or two. By May 2013, Labour should have a double digit lead over the Tories if it is to be confident of winning the election, although the model that predicts this is less reliable than the one looking at Labour’s current position.
Labour’s position seems stronger than much of the current gloomy predictions suggest.
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A longer version of this post and the methodology is here.
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Leo is a regular contributor to Liberal Conspiracy. He manages communications for a small policy organisation, and writes about polling and info from public opinion surveys at Noise of the Crowd
· Other posts by Leo Barasi
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Reader comments
This is an interesting post, but I’m wary of using historical trends as a guide given that we are in a coalition scenario, and that Labour’s small lead has come almost entirely through switchers from the junior coalition partner. Breakdowns suggest there have so far been few if any direct Tory-Labour switchers.
Because most of the switchers have been LD to Labour, they represent a different ‘swing electorate’ than we have seen in previous mid-term polling. While LDs have dipped in previous parliaments, their fall has not been so conspicuously to the benefit of one party as it is now. So the behaviour of this ‘swing electorate’ is difficult to forecast by past precedent.
I’d be interested to know your thoughts on this and how it affects your model.
r-squared 0.4?
Not the strongest result.
Still if that encourages you to stick with Milibean then great!
Oh, spare us. I’m not disputing the methodology but the idea you can predict the next election on a line of best fit based on how far “Weath” was ahead of “Hilson” in polls through the 60s and 70s is nonsense, not least because we’re now in coalition and Labour has probably already drained its potential store of Lib Dem tactical voters by now.
I can quite easily point at a similar bunch of polls at the analogous stage of the 1979 Parliament (which would be January 1981) that “prove” Michael Foot is going to sweep into power. In fact on UKPR I can see one (NOP Feb 13 1981) that shows Labour on 51% with a 16% lead! Even into late summer 1981 Labour were routinely getting 6-8% leads. Proof Labour were going to win in 1983, then.
The situation is exactly analogous – a weak, awkward, left-wing leader of a party talking to itself. LibCon can post as many articles as it likes saying all is hunky-dory on the Good Ship Milipede, it makes no difference to the fact that the British people are not in the mood for his (or your) brand of leftie student-union hackery. Can’t afford it.
As the link at the bottom of the post isn’t working, the full article and detailed methodology are available here: http://bit.ly/xtufCw
Ahem. “Past performance is no indicator of future success”.
I’ve long said that Labour should have a larger lead, but its clear that the next 12-18 months is crucial for Labour, and of course Ed.
Today Miliband has stated this is New labour, no not that New labour but a Newer type of New labour, he says we must accept austerity, we understand we will not have money any more, but we will cut.
If your a hard working member of society then labour is the party for you.
So basically if your a teacher or nurse or public service working , then labours your party.
Had your legs blown off in one of Labours wars, remember this is not that labour party, Miliband was not involved in that, oh yes you were mate.
problem is when you see MIliband talking , walking or standing speaking it’s simple your not leadership material…. good bye
The fact is Miliband is not a leader, well he maybe but he does not look it, and sadly Cameron does, and to be honest voting labour after todays report from Miliband about hard working people, sorry he’s not got any understanding at all.
@1 The problem with assuming that Tory-Labour switchers is the key factor is that it ignores differential turnout.
If Labour needs to build a double digit lead in the next year the real question is whether that is likely. Based on current polling trends with a Tory rise I’d suggest it isn’t.
The Polls for this Parliament are different this time because of the simple fact that the Tories did not win, infact with 36% of the vote they were nearer to the share of the vote obtained by Hague and Howard than Major in 92, so at 36% they are close to their core vote
The only real movement since then has been the anti-Tory voters who have left the Lib Dems due to the coalition. The Tory core vote appear happy with the Government.
Normally you would expect the Government to lose some of the swing voters they attracted during the campaign and these voters would either return as happened to the Tories in the 80s and 92 or not as happened in 97.
Unless something spectacular happens we will go into the next election with 36% Tory and The rest divided between Labour and Lib Dems (and Natioanlists). The unknowns will be
• Will the anti-Tory voters believe the Lib Dems and return in any numbers, and will there be any tactical Lib Dem/ Tory voting (In Scotland ill the Lib Dems be replaced by the SNP?)
• If the Lib Dems remain at 10% how will that break down in seats – will it boost the Tories more than Labour
• Will the Tories regain the 2-3% of UKIP voters
• What difference will the new boundaries make (if they are passed)
The Polls for this Parliament are different this time because of the simple fact that the Tories did not win, infact with 36% of the vote they were nearer to the share of the vote obtained by Hague and Howard than Major in 92, so at 36% they are close to their core vote
The only real movement since then has been the anti-Tory voters who have left the Lib Dems due to the coalition. The Tory core vote appear happy with the Government.
Normally you would expect the Government to lose some of the swing voters they attracted during the campaign and these voters would either return as happened to the Tories in the 80s and 92 or not as happened in 97. Which is why we assume the opposition lead needs to be much higher than it is at the minute.
Unless something spectacular happens we will go into the next election with 36% Tory and The rest divided between Labour and Lib Dems (and Natioanlists). The unknowns will be
• Will the anti-Tory voters believe the Lib Dems and return in any numbers, and will there be any tactical Lib Dem/ Tory voting (In Scotland ill the Lib Dems be replaced by the SNP?)
• If the Lib Dems remain at 10% how will that break down in seats – will it boost the Tories more than Labour
• Will the Tories regain the 2-3% of UKIP voters
• What difference will the new boundaries make (if they are passed)
My guess is Labour will win next time, but they may need a coalition with the SNP and other nationalists
As fun and yet pointless as bungee jumping
weeeeeeeee
How do you deal with the fact that polling in the 1980s and much of the 1990s was frankly crap? Shy Tory effect and all the rest.
Surely that means that some of your data points are likely to be wrong, since strong Labour polling results in the 1980s were never backed up by election results. This would obviously effect the lead you ‘need’ to win an election from this point.
ARe you using straight Averages. If you are then its not possible to compare Average polls now with those in the past because of the way current polling is dominated by Yougov. That wouldnt matter so much if Yougov werent at one end of the scale, consistently giving Labour the highest scores.
The regression curves have a whopping amount of variance to it. As a result, the figures on both charts are not sufficient to draw any reliable conclusion.
Much as I am attracted to the idea that “Labour is doing better than commentators think”, I don’t think we can conclude this.
In the interests of fairness, a chart showing how commentators think the opposition is doing vs how they then perform (I conjecture) is also likely to have a wide range of variance too:
What the commentators say is itself not worth drawing conclusions from.
8 9 well said
Reactions: Twitter, blogs
- sunny hundal
EXCLUSIVE: Ground-breaking analysis of polls over decades by @leobarasi shows Labour is doing better than many think http://t.co/BE9pBlT2
- sunny hundal
"Historical data suggest Labour should expect to win the next election by a small margin of a little over 2%" http://t.co/BE9pBlT2
- Alex Braithwaite
Past elections suggest Labour is doing better than commentators think | Liberal Conspiracy http://t.co/27JJF4gK via @libcon
- sunny hundal
Going by past performance, #Miliband's Labour is ahead is doing better in polls than commentators think http://t.co/BE9pBlT2
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